想要将django项目部署在服务器上，本质上需要三大部分：

【资料图】

上传代码的方式有很多种，例如：FTP工具、scp命令、rsync服务、svn等，不过目前公司主流的都是使用git+代码托管平台。

在本地电脑上本质上需要执行如下步骤：

全局配置(只需要配置一次)

git config --global user.name "武沛齐"git config --global user.email "wupeiqi@live.com"

进入项目目录

初始化

git init

配置远程地址

git remote add origin https://gitee.com/i__feng/order-trading-platform.git

本地版本提交

git add .git commit -m "提交说明..."

提交到远程仓库

git push origin master

在项目中创建一个 .gitignore的文件，在里面写上文件名或文件夹，可以git忽略一些文件，不要进行版本控制。

https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Python.gitignore

将Python的ignore文件内存拷贝并保存至项目目录下。

这样，就可以控制git忽略某些文件。

注意: 在使用.gitignore的时候 如果不起作用 -> 我们可以强行删除gitee中代码仓库 然后删掉pycharm文件中的.git(相当于没有做过之前的git操作了) 最后重新上传代码(git init...)

学会这个知识点之后，接下来再来讲一个关于配置文件的常见操作，.即：local_settings.py

项目中所有数据都提交了，如果仓库是公开的，有些敏感数据会泄露。

# 在settings.py中加入代码块 -> 在.gitignore中会将local_settings忽略try:    from .local.settings import * except Exception as e:    pass

如果本次开发和线上开发一些配置不同(eg: mysql中配置密码的不同)，就可以放在这个文件。

而在settings.py中编写所有环境都有的配置。

方法一:

​https://gitee.com/i__feng/order-trading-platform.git

​

git remote remove origin git remote add origin `https://用户名:@gitee.com/i__feng/order-trading-platform.git`  -> 缺点是直接将密码暴露在自己电脑上了git push origin master 

方式二:

1.使用ssh生成秘钥(在git中)

ssh-keygen -t rsa

2.读取公钥 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub内容并上传到代码托管仓库

3.基于ssh链接. 推拉数据

git remote remove origin -> 删除掉原始的记录git remote add origin git@gitee.com:i__feng/order-trading-platform.gitgit push origin master

git clone git@gitee.com:i__feng/order-trading-platform.git

git log -> 可以看到所有修改代码的日志git reset --hard 版本号 -> 回滚到指定版本git reflog ->  查看提交记录

ssh root@ip地址输入密码

yum install git git clone git@gitee.com:i__feng/order-trading-platform.git  -> 克隆代码(这是项目第一次下载代码)# 如果后期项目有改动. 我们可以先cd到项目目录source /envs/day06/bin/activate  # 进入虚拟环境git pull origin master  # 拉代码重启服务器...

ssh-keygen -t rsacat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 

centos系统

yum install mariadb-server -yyum install mariadb -y

systemctl enable mariadb -> 开机自启动systemctl start mariadb systemctl stop mariadb 

insert into mysql.user (user, host, password) values ("ifeng", "%", password("xxxx"));

create database order_system default charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;

grant all privileges on order_system.* to ifeng@"%";  -- %表示所有ip都可以访问flush privileges;show grant for ifeng; -- 查看用户权限

DATABASES = {    "default": {        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",        "NAME": "order_system",        "USER": "",        "PASSWORD": "",        "HOST": "",        "PORT": 3306    }}

delete from mysql.user where host="localhost" and user=""; delete from mysql.user where host="vm-16-9-centos" and user="";MariaDB [(none)]> select user, password, host from mysql.user;+-------+-------------------------------------------+----------------+| user  | password                                  | host           |+-------+-------------------------------------------+----------------+| root  |                                           | localhost      || root  |                                           | vm-16-9-centos || root  |                                           | 127.0.0.1      || root  |                                           | ::1            || ifeng | *2CEB53858B8FDD17DA02602D2BBB334BEB6CDED4 | %              |+-------+-------------------------------------------+----------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

登录: Mysql -u ifeng -p

到安全组(vpc)中开放端口

​22 SSH

​80 浏览器输入IP

​443 https方式访问

​3306

yum install redis -y

打开文件vim /etc/redis.conf寻找requirepass?requirepass进入编辑状态i退出并保存点击esc -> :wq

systemctl enable redissystemctl start redissystemctl stop redis

注意:

​只支持本机链接 -> bind 127.0.0.1 requirepass qwe123456

​想要任何地方都能链接:

bind 0.0.0.0requirepass qwe123456安全组配置6379端口

安装gcc，用于后续安装Python时编译源码。

yum install gcc -y

安装Python3相关依赖

yum install zlib zlib-devel -yyum install bzip2 bzip2-devel  -yyum install ncurses ncurses-devel  -yyum install readline readline-devel  -yyum install openssl openssl-devel  -yyum install xz lzma xz-devel  -yyum install sqlite sqlite-devel  -yyum install gdbm gdbm-devel  -yyum install tk tk-devel  -yyum install mysql-devel -yyum install python-devel -yyum install libffi-devel -y

下载Python源码，https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

cd /data/wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.5/Python-3.9.5.tgz

注意：如果没有wget，则先安装 yum install wget

编译安装

解压

tar -xvf Python-3.9.5.tgz

进入目录并编译安装

cd Python-3.9.5./configuremake allmake install

测试

python3 --version/usr/local/bin/python3/usr/local/bin/pip3/usr/local/bin/pip3.9

配置豆瓣源（腾讯云服务器，默认腾讯源）

pip3.9 config set global.index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple/

pip3 install virtualenvmkdir /envsvirtualenv /envs/day06 --python=python3.9

# 在项目终端pip freeze > requirements.txt# 后续将代码上传到gitee仓库

可创建文件夹将文件分类git clone git@gitee.com:i__feng/order-trading-platform.git

- 激活虚拟环境(如果是虚拟环境的话)source /envs/day06/bin/activate- 下载(先进入到有requirement.txt的目录)pip3 install -r requirement.txt# importlib-metadata==4.11.3  demjson -> demjson 包的设置命令中使用了无效的 use_2to3 参数导致报错

>>> touch local_settings.py>>> vim local_settings.py  # 编辑配置

DEBUG = False ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]# 配置mysqlDATABASES = {    "default": {        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",        "NAME": "order_system",        "USER": "ifeng",        "PASSWORD": "th20190410",        "HOST": "127.0.0.1",        "PORT": 3306    }}# cache缓存CACHES = {    "default": {        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379",        "OPTIONS": {            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",            "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {"max_connections": 100},            "PASSWORD": "123456",        }    }}# 关于静态资源. 后续希望将django中每个app中所有的静态资源收集至此 -> nginx控制寻找静态目录# STATIC_ROOT = ""import osfrom pathlib import PathBASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent  # 找到根目录外面一级STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "allstatic")  # 将配置文件都保存到allstatic中

source /envs/day06/bin/activatepython manage.py collectstatic  # 可以看到相关命令"""注意: 后续静态资源有变动. 需要重新收集"""

source /envs/day06/bin/activatepip install uwsgi

# 进入项目目录cd order-trading-platformuwsgi --http :80 --chdir /root/order-trading-platform --wsgi-file /root/order-trading-platform/Order/wsgi.py --master --processes 4 --static-map /static=/allstatic

创建 uwsgi_order.ini(不使用nginx)

[uwsgi]http = 0.0.0.0:8001chdir = /root/order-trading-platformwsgi-file = /root/order-trading-platform/Order/wsgi.pyprocesses = 4static-map = /static=/allstaticvirtualenv = /envs/day06

# 执行命令uwsgi --ini  uwsgi_order.ini

yum install nginx -y

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

修改nginx.conf配置文件：

user root;worker_processes auto;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events {    worker_connections 1024;}http {    log_format  main  "$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" "                      "$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "                      ""$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"";    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;    sendfile            on;    tcp_nopush          on;    tcp_nodelay         on;    keepalive_timeout   65;    types_hash_max_size 4096;    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;    default_type        application/octet-stream;    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include    # for more information.    # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;    upstream django {        server 127.0.0.1:8001;    }    server {        listen       80;        listen       [::]:80;        # server_name  day06.pythonav.com;        # Load configuration files for the default server block.        # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location /static {            alias  /root/allstatic/;        }        location / {            uwsgi_pass  django;            include     uwsgi_params;        }    }}

修改uwsgi配置（uwsgi_order）：

[uwsgi]socket = 127.0.0.1:8001chdir = /root/order-trading-platformwsgi-file = /root/order-trading-platform/Order/wsgi.pyprocesses = 4virtualenv = /envs/day06

bug总结:

1.访问静态文件如果出现404 not found -> 就是文件的路径设置错误. 应设置绝对路径(/root/allstatic)2.访问静态文件如果出现403 forbidden -> 大概率是权限问题, 将nginx.conf配置的第一行user nginx改成user root

# 启动systemctl start nginx# 开机启动systemctl enable nginx

uwsgi --ini  uwsgi_order.ini

sudo netstat -tulpn | grep :8001kill -9 process_id

#!/usr/bin/env bashecho -e "\033[34m--------------------wsgi process--------------------\033[0m"  # 输出ps -ef|grep uwsgi_order.ini | grep -v grep  # 搜索有没有叫uwsgi_order.ini的进程sleep 0.5  echo -e "\n--------------------going to close--------------------"ps -ef |grep uwsgi_order.ini | grep -v grep | awk "{print $2}" | xargs kill -9  # 杀掉nginx的进程idsleep 0.5echo -e "\n----------check if the kill action is correct----------"/envs/day06/bin/uwsgi  --ini uwsgi_order.ini &  >/dev/null  # 重新启动echo -e "\n\033[42;1m----------------------started...----------------------\033[0m"sleep 1ps -ef |grep uwsgi_order.ini | grep -v grep  # 再将进程罗列出来

# 执行脚本chmod 755 reboot.sh  # 赋予可执行权限./reboot.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bashecho -e "\033[34m--------------------wsgi process--------------------\033[0m"ps -ef |grep uwsgi_order.ini | grep -v grepsleep 0.5echo -e "\n--------------------going to close--------------------"ps -ef |grep uwsgi_order.ini | grep -v grep | awk "{print $2}" | xargs kill -9sleep 0.5

登录线上服务器. 执行数据库迁移python manage.py makemigrationspython manage.py migrate

在.gitignore中

# database migrations*/migrations/*.py!*/migrations/__init__.py

原因：redis配置没有重启。问题：关于错误应该尽可能的去避免。 -> 加上try...except... 加上日志

​域名 -> IP

​www.pythonav.com -> 101.43.208.130

设置https协议有一个大前提: 你的网站得公安备案并通过

这是说明文档, 可白嫖一年的

https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1030571?spm=5176.21213303.J_6704733920.7.62bc53c9HksD9I&scm=20140722.S_community%40%40%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%40%401030571._.ID_community%40%40%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%40%401030571-RL_ssl%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%B9%E8%AF%81%E4%B9%A6-LOC_main-OR_ser-V_2-P0_0

将证书文件上传至服务器，例如：上传至项目目录的ssl文件夹下。

window可以直接用xshell拖拽文件上传

原来的配置

user root;worker_processes auto;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events {    worker_connections 1024;}http {    log_format  main  "$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" "                      "$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "                      ""$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"";    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;    sendfile            on;    tcp_nopush          on;    tcp_nodelay         on;    keepalive_timeout   65;    types_hash_max_size 4096;    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;    default_type        application/octet-stream;    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include    # for more information.    # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;    upstream django {        server 127.0.0.1:8001;    }    server {        listen       80;        listen       [::]:80;        root         /root;        # server_name  day06.pythonav.com;        # Load configuration files for the default server block.        # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;        location /static {            alias  /root/allstatic/;        }        location / {            uwsgi_pass  django;            include     uwsgi_params;        }    }}

修改成https请求的配置文件

user root;worker_processes auto;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events {    worker_connections 1024;}http {    log_format  main  "$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" "                      "$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "                      ""$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"";    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;    sendfile            on;    tcp_nopush          on;    tcp_nodelay         on;    keepalive_timeout   65;    types_hash_max_size 4096;    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;    default_type        application/octet-stream;    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include    # for more information.    # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;    upstream django {        server 127.0.0.1:8001;    }    server {        listen      80;        server_name www.iifeng.cn;        rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 redirect;    }    server {        listen       443 ssl;        server_name  www.iifeng.cn;        #证书文件        ssl_certificate      /root/ssl/9960948_iifeng.cn.pem;        #私钥文件        ssl_certificate_key  /root/ssl/9960948_iifeng.cn.key;        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;        ssl_session_timeout  5m;        ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;        location / {            uwsgi_pass  django;            include     uwsgi_params;           }        location /static {            alias  /root/allstatic/;        }    }}

现在就可以用https访问我们的网站了!

标签：